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Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol

Dodi Pran March 09, 2019

Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol


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Protokol pertukaran kunci Diffie-Hellman

Pertukaran kunci Diffie-Hellman (DH) adalah algoritma kunci publik pertama yang pernah diciptakan (1976). Ia mendapat keamanan dari kesulitan menghitung diskrit logaritma di lapangan terbatas, dibandingkan dengan kemudahan menghitung exponentiation dalam bidang yang sama.

Diffie-Hellman dapat digunakan untuk distribusi kunci. Alice dan Bob dapat menggunakan algoritma ini untuk menghasilkan kunci rahasia, tetapi itu tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengenkripsi dan mendekripsi pesan. Jadi itu dikenal sebagai "Diffie–Hellman kunci asing protokol. " tujuannya adalah untuk Alice dan Bob memiliki kunci rahasia bersama tanpa menggunakan kanal aman atau pertemuan aman (Perhatikan bahwa mereka tidak dapat melihat satu sama lain muka).



Pertama, Alice dan Bob setuju pada bilangan prima besar, n dan g, sehingga g primitif mod n (di aritmatika modular, nomor g adalah akar primitif modulus n jika setiap nomor coprime ke n kongruen kekuatan g modulus n). Ini dua bilangan bulat tidak harus menjadi rahasia; Alice dan Bob dapat setuju kepada mereka melalui beberapa saluran yang tidak aman. Mereka bahkan dapat umum di antara grup pengguna. Tidak masalah. Kemudian, protokol berjalan sebagai berikut:

1. Alice memilih integer besar acak x dan mengirimkannya kepada Bob X yang dihitung sebagai berikut: 

X = g^x(mod n) 

2. Bob memilih y acak integer besar dan mengirimkan ke Alice Y yang dihitung sebagai berikut:

Y = g^y(mod n) 

3. Alice menghitung k sebagai berikut: 

k = Y*x(mod n) 

4. Bob menghitung k´ sebagai berikut: 

k´ = X*y(mod n) 


K dan k´ sama dengan g^(x*y) mod n. Tidak ada orang yang mendengarkan pada saluran dapat menghitung nilai; mereka hanya tahu n, g, X, dan Y. kecuali mereka dapat menghitung logaritma diskrit dan memulihkan x atau y, mereka tidak bisa menyelesaikan masalah. Jadi, k adalah kunci rahasia yang Alice dan Bob dihitung secara independen dan kami telah mencapai tujuan.

Pilihan g dan n dapat memiliki dampak besar pada keamanan sistem ini. Hal ini didasarkan pada kesulitan anjak nomor ukuran yang sama sebagai n.

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